Analysis of geometrical tomographic parameters of furcation lesions in periodontitis patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between geometric parameters of furcation lesions - maximum area of lesion opening (MALO), angle formed between the roots (ABR), lesion volume (LV) and presence and height of infra-osseous defects (IOD) - and the success of therapy with enamel matrix derivative proteins (EMD) in patients with grade C periodontitis, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: The study consisted of two groups of patients with grade C periodontitis: control (surgery) (n = 17) and test (surgery + EMD) (n = 17). Images parameters on CBCT were recorded using OnDemand3D and ITK-SNAP software. RESULTS: Pearson's correlation coefficient demonstrated that only IOD was statistically significant in the probing depth PD (P = 0.01), with a moderate positive correlation (R = 0.59). MALO was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.03) in the test group (surgery + EMD), with moderate negative correlation (R = -0.5). CONCLUSION: The presence of infra-osseous defects and height were relevant in relation to the success of the type of treatment addressed in this study.

Clinical, radiographic, and patient-centered outcomes after use of enamel matrix proteins for the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with aggressive periodontitis: A 12-month multicenter clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and patient-centered results of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) therapy in intrabony defects in aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients and compare them with those in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. METHODS: Sixty intrabony defects in AgP and CP patients associated with ≥ 6 mm residual probing pocket depth (PPD) were included and randomly assigned to one of three groups: AgP+CS (conservative surgery) (n = 20); AgP+CS/EMD (n = 20); CP+CS/EMD (n  =  20). Clinical parameters were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Defect resolution (DR) and bone filling (BF) were used for radiographic analysis. The quality of life was recorded at baseline and 6 months using OHIP-14 and VAS scale in the early post-therapy period. RESULTS: PPD and relative clinical attachment level (rCAL) improved for all groups during follow-up (P ≤ 0.05), and AgP+CS/EMD presented a higher rCAL gain (2.4 ± 1.0 mm) when compared to AgP control patients (1.6 ± 1.6 mm, P ≤ 0.05) after 12 months. No difference was observed between AgP+CS/EMD and CP+CS/EMD groups (P > 0.05). No radiographic differences were observed among groups at any time point (P > 0.05). All the groups reported a positive impact on OHIP-14 total score, without differences among them. CONCLUSIONS: EMD therapy of intrabony defects promotes additional benefits in AgP patients, presenting a similar regeneration rate compared to CP patients, and has proven to be a viable therapy for the treatment of individuals with AgP.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Low-Dose Aspirin in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome: Case Report.

AIMS: To investigate the use of ω-3 fatty acids and low-dose aspirin as adjuncts to periodontal debridement in a patient with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Periodontal and systemic parameters were assessed at baseline and 6 months. Gingival crevicular fluid was analyzed for interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels by multiplex ELISA at baseline, 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: The treatment was effective in reducing probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and plaque index, and glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides IL-1ß, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels over time. CONCLUSIONS: The adjunctive use of ω-3 and low-dose aspirin to periodontal debridement might have potential benefits in the treatment of periodontitis in a patient with metabolic syndrome.

Avaliação de terapias adicionais em pacientes portadores de periodontite agressiva generalizada: tratamento de bolsas residuais e regeneração de lesões de bifurcações. Estudo clínico controlado randomizado / / Evaluation of additional therapies in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis: treatment of residual pockets and regeneration of furcations defects. Randomized-controlled clinical trial

O tratamento da periodontite agressiva generalizada (PAG) é muito semelhante ao proposto para as demais formas de doenças periodontais, sendo o padrão ouro a raspagem e alisamento radicular (RAR). No entanto, em sítios com bolsas profundas ou localizados em áreas de furca, a RAR pode ser insuficiente para solucionar a infecção periodontal, resultando em bolsas residuais. São raros os trabalhos que avaliam tratamento de bolsas residuais em pacientes portadores de PAG. Também são raros os estudos que visam elucidar o processo de regeneração periodontal nesses indivíduos. Desse modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar dois tipos de abordagem, esclarecendo o porquê do projeto ser delineado em duas partes. A primeira parte do estudo visou avaliar se as aplicações repetidas de terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (aPDT) se equiparam ao acesso cirúrgico no tratamento de bolsas residuais sem lesões de furca. Assim, foram incluídos 46 pacientes que receberam uma das duas abordagens. Tivemos que o acesso cirúrgico promoveu maior redução de PS em bolsas profundas. No entanto, aPDT resultou em menor recessão gengival, ocorrência de hipersensibilidade e ingestão de analgésico. Concluímos, que aPDT é uma terapia adequada e que traz benefícios clínicos no tratamento de bolsas residuais em PAG. Contudo em sítios profundos, a terapia cirúrgica resulta em maior redução de PS. A segunda parte do estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o tratamento para furcas proximais. Como a literatura já aponta que aPDT não é uma terapia eficaz nesses sítios, o estudo visou elucidar o papel da matriz derivada de esmalte (EMD) como tratamento regenerativo nesses defeitos em pacientes com PAG. Foram incluídos 34 pacientes que receberam acesso cirúrgico associado ou não à EMD. Não tivemos diferença intergrupo para nenhum parâmetro. No entanto, sítios com EMD apresentaram um ganho de inserção horizontal significante em relação ao baseline, diferença não presente para o grupo sem EMD. Concluímos que EMD parece não gerar benefícios clínicos significantes, mas demais estudos são necessários para avaliar a efetividade desse material em locais de furca(AU0

The scaling and root planing (SRP) as a part of the non-surgical periodontal treatment is considerate as gold standart to treatment of the periodontal disease. However, in some cases, such as in deep pockets or sites presenting proximal furcation, SRP may be insufficient to resolve the periodontal infection, resulting in residual pockets. There are few studies that evaluate treatment of residual pockets in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). Besides that, few studies also aim to elucidate the periodontal regeneration process in these individuals. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate two types of approach, clarifying why the project was delineated into two parts. The first part of the study aims to assess whether repeated applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) present equivalent results when compared to surgical approach in the treatment of residual pockets of non-furcation sites. Thus, 46 patients were included and received aPDT or open flap debridement (OFD). The results showed that OFD had a greater a mean reduction of probing depth (PD). However, aPDT presented lower gingival recession, dentin hypersensitivity and analgesic intake. Therefore, we may consider aPDT as an adequate therapy and that brings clinical benefits. Nevertheless, in deep pockets, OFD leads in a greater reduction in PD. The second part aims to evaluate the proximal furcation treatment. The literature shows that aPDT is not an effective therapy in these defects. Thus, the present study aims to elucidate the role of enamel matrix derivative proteins (EMD) as a regenerative therapy in furcation lesions class II. Thirty-four patients were included and received OFD + EMD or OFD, alone. As results, there are no intergroup difference for any parameters. However, OFD + EMD group presented a greater gain of horizontal clinical attachment level when compared to baseline, whereas there is no intragroup difference for OFD group. Therefore, EMD did not promote significant clinical benefits, but other studies are necessary to evaluate the effective this material in proximal furcation(AU)

Clarithromycin as an Adjunct to One-Stage Full-Mouth Ultrasonic Periodontal Debridement in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the periodontal clinical and microbiologic responses and possible adverse effects of clarithromycin (CLM) combined with periodontal mechanical therapy in the treatment of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. METHODS: Forty patients were selected and randomly assigned into one of two groups: 1) CLM (n = 20): one-stage full-mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) associated with CLM (500 mg, every 12 hours for 3 days); and 2) placebo (n = 20): FMUD associated with placebo pills. Clinical and microbiologic parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Both treatments presented statistically significant clinical and microbiologic improvements. However, the CLM group presented lower means of probing depth for pockets ≥7 mm at 6 months (4.0 ± 1.7 mm) compared with the placebo group (4.7 ± 1.3 mm) (P = 0.04). In addition, the CLM group also presented greater reduction of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) DNA counts at 6 months (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Results from this study suggest both treatments are effective; however, adjunct use of CLM to FMUD leads to better reduction of deep pockets and Pg at 6 months compared with FMUD alone.

Tratamento cirúrgico para recobrimento radicular em molar superior / Surgical treatment for root coverage in the upper molar tooth ­ a case report

A recessão gengival é uma condição muito comum atualmente, definida como o deslocamento da margem gengival apicalmente à junção cemento/esmalte, com consequente exposição da superfície radicular ao ambiente bucal. Apesar das recessões gengivais afetarem diversos grupos de dentes, poucos trabalhos tentam elucidar qual é o melhor protocolo de tratamento para as recessões gengivais presentes em molares. Visando um protocolo cirúrgico que proporcione uma satisfatória taxa de recobrimento radicular e um melhor resultado estético, o presente relato de caso teve como objetivo apresentar uma técnica cirúrgica alternativa para o tratamento de recessões gengivais em molares superiores. Para tal, um retalho dividido foi confeccionado por meio de incisões relaxantes e deslocado lateralmente, a partir da área doadora, para o elemento dental com a recessão. Após o deslocamento do retalho, o mesmo foi suturado em posição. Seis meses após o procedimento, o paciente estava satisfeito com o resultado final alcançado, demonstrando que esse protocolo pode ser uma alternativa de tratamento aos protocolos existentes para o tratamento de recessões gengivais.

Gingival recession is a condition defined as the apical positioning of the gingival margin in relation to the cemento-enamel junction, resulting in root exposure in the oral environment. Although gingival recession may affect many groups of teeth, there are few studies that attempt to clarify which is the best treatment protocol for gingival recessions localized in molars. In order to evaluate a surgical approach that lead to a satisfactory root coverage rate and a good esthetic outcome, the aim of this case report is to present an alternative surgical technique for the treatment of gingival recession in upper molar teeth. For this, a split-flap was made through vertical incisions and laterally positioned from the donor area to the affected tooth and sutured in position. Six months after the procedure, the patient was satisfied with the final result achieved, showing that this protocol may be an alternative to the existing treatments for the gingival recession.

Local adjunct effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetics: split-mouth double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

Diabetes has become a global epidemic. Its complications can have a significant impact on quality of life, longevity, and public health costs. The presence of diabetes might impair the prognosis of periodontal treatments due to its negative influence on wound healing. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a local approach that can promote bacterial decontamination in periodontal pockets. The aim of this study was to investigate the local effect of adjunct aPDT to ultrasonic periodontal debridement (UPD) and compare it to UD only for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients. Twenty type 2 diabetic patients with moderate to severe generalized chronic periodontitis were selected. Two periodontal pockets with probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥5 mm received UPD only (UPD group) or UPD plus adjunct aPDT (UPD + aPDT group). Periodontal clinical measures were collected and compared at baseline and 30, 90, and 180 days. After 180 days of follow-up, there were statistically significant reductions in PD from 5.75 ± 0.91 to 3.47 ± 0.97 mm in the UPD group and from 6.15 ± 1.27 to 3.71 ± 1.63 mm in the UPD + aPDT group. However, intergroup analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences in any of the evaluated clinical parameters (p > 0.05). The adjunct application of aPDT to UPD did not present additional benefits for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients. The ClinicalTrials.gov identifier of the present study is NCT02627534.

Terapia antibiótica como adjuvante à terapia mecânica para o tratamento de periodontite agressiva generalizada / Antibiotic therapy as adjunctive to mechanical therapy for the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis ­ a literature review

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os protocolos de antibióticos propostos em pacientes com periodontite agressiva generalizada (PAgG). Sessões de raspagem supragengival e polimento, instrução de higiene oral e quaisquer outros procedimentos de adequação foram realizados para alcançar um índice de placa < 20%. A raspagem e alisamento radicular (RAR) ou debridamento periodontal (associado ou não à desinfecção com clorexidina), e o debridamento periodontal ultrassônico em sessão única foram adotados. A azitromicina (AZT), a doxiciclina (DOX), o metronidazol (MET), a clindamicina, e a moxifl oxacina (MOX) foram alguns dos medicamentos testados. Alguns protocolos de antimicrobianos mostraram benefícios clínicos (redução do NS e PS, com ganho do NIC). Baseado na ação contra o Aa, a associação AMX + MET parecem ser a de eleição. No entanto, efeitos adversos, como o desconforto gastrointestinal, mal-estar geral, sonolência, náusea, dor de cabeça, gosto metálico ou eventos mais severos (erupção cutânea grave) foram observados. Por outro lado, apenas 0,7% dos pacientes relataram reações adversas com o AZT, que pode ser usado por um período menor (três dias). O uso do MET em concentrações menores (250 mg) não é efetivo. A MOX (apenas um comprimido por dia, custo reduzido) tem boa biodisponibilidade, longa meia-vida, boa penetração tecidual, e excelente tolerabilidade, parecendo tão efi ciente quanto o AMX+MET, e motivando a realização de novos protocolos de tratamento. Embora a análise microbiológica tenha demonstrado que a terapia medicamentosa foi superior em reduzir e/ou suprimir a carga microbiana subgengival, há tendência de recolonização bacteriana, ressaltando a necessidade da terapia periodontal de suporte.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic protocols proposed to treat aggressive generalized periodontitis (AgGP) patients. Supragingival scaling and root planing, oral hygiene instructions, and other aid tools were performed to reach < 20% plaque score. The root scaling and planning or periodontal debridement (associated or not to chlorhexidine), and the ultrasonic periodontal debridement (single session) were adopted. The azithromycin (AZT), doxycycline (DOX), metronidazole (MET), clindamycin, and moxifl oxacin (MOX) were some of the investigated agents. Some antimicrobial protocols demonstrated clinical benefi ts (BoP and PD reductions, as well as CAL improvements). Based on the action against Aa, the AMX + MET association seems to be the therapy of choice. However, adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal discomfort, malaise, numbness, nausea, headache, metallic taste, or more severe reactions (cutaneous rash) were observed. On the other hand, only 0.7% of patients reported unpleasant symptoms with AZT, which can be used by a shorter period (three days). The use of MET in lower concentrations (250 mg) is not effective. The MOX (1 tablet once a day, reduced cost) seems to be as effi cient as AMX + MET, motivating the generation of new treatment protocols. Although the microbiological analysis had demonstrated that the antibiotic therapy was superior in reducing and/or eliminate the subgingival bacterial load, there is a trend for microbial recolonization, which emphasizes the need for periodontal supportive therapy.

Claritromicina como adjuvante ao debridamento periodontal no tratamento de periodontite generalizada: Estudo controlado randomizado / Claritrhromycin as adjuvant to periodontal debridement in the treatment of generalized/ aggressive periodontitis: Randomized clinical trial

O presente estudo clínico controlado randomizado teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta clínica periodontal e os possíveis efeitos adversos da utilização da claritromicina (CLM) associada à terapia mecânica periodontal no tratamento de pacientes com periodontite agressiva generalizada. Para tal, foram selecionados 40 pacientes apresentando periodontite agressiva generalizada que foram distribuídos aleatoriamente, dentro de dois grupos: grupo claritromicina com 20 indivíduos que receberam RAR associado à claritromicina (500 mg – 12/12 horas) durante 3 dias; grupo placebo com 20 indivíduos que receberam RAR associado ao placebo. Foram avaliados profundidade de sondagem (PS), ganho de nível de inserção clínica (NIC) e sangramento à sondagem no baseline, 3 e 6 meses após o procedimento. Quanto aos resultados, ambos os tratamentos obtiveram melhorias clínicas em relação ao baseline, com diferença estatisticamente significativa apenas para redução em PS à favor do grupo claritromicina. Concluímos que o uso da claritromicina associado à terapia mecânia mostra-se superior à terapia padrão ouro para o tratamento de periodontite agressiva generalizada

The present randomized, clinical trial aimed to assess the periodontal clinical response and the possible adverse effects of the clarithromycin combined to periodontal mechanical therapy in the treatment of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. Tothis, 40 patients were select and randomly assigned into two groups:Group clatithromycin with 20 subjects received SRP associated with clarithromycin (500 mg – 12/12 hours) for 3 days; group placebo with 20 subjects received SRP associated with placebo. Probing depth (PD), gain in clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding probing were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. As results, both treatments had clinical benefits better than baseline, just differing statistically to PD reduction for the clarithromycin group. It may be concluded that the use of clarithromycin associated with mechanical treatment is better thanthe gold standard for the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis